Sonia Ponce de León Álvarez

Sonia Ponce de Leon Alvarez graduated with a Degree in Oceanographic Engineering in 1986 at the Institute of Hydrometeorology of Odessa (Russia). After that she worked for four years at the Academy of Sciences of Cuba on the subject of wind waves. She then began her Master of Sciences studies at CICESE, Baja California (Mexico), where she was awarded the MSc degree in Physical Oceanography in 1995. She completed her PhD degree in 2008, in Lisbon, at CENTEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico. She published 16 papers in peer reviewed journals with an accumulated impact factor of 5 and with 100 citations. Of the 16 papers, 8 were published independently of the PhD supervisor and 6 were published as a senior (corresponding) author. She was the first author in 14 papers and 8 papers were published in high impact factor journals in the area of Physical Oceanography. Of these papers, five were on the subject of rogue waves. Dr Sonia Ponce de León is presently a postdoctoral scientist at the University College Dublin (UCD), School of Mathematics and UCD Earth Institute. Her research interests are rogue waves. She started researching on rogue waves in 2012 when she worked as a post-doc at the University of Lisbon, at CENTEC from the Portuguese foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) to examine extreme North Atlantic storms under which rogue waves are known to occur. Her current research at the UCD School of Mathematical Sciences is devoted to rare cases of a rogue wave that was actually measured in the North Sea by a wave buoy. She is studying how it was generated and its characteristics, using numerical simulations, wave radars, wave buoys and satellites. The probability that a rogue wave will occur depends on the properties of the waves that are present in a given location at a given time. These properties can be simulated by spectral computer models that allow scientists to predict the sea state in the future. But also in the past, so she use these type of models to see what the sea conditions were when the rogue wave occurred. By understanding how these conditions come up and promote the appearance of a rogue wave, we can use spectral models to forecast when and where these conditions will take place again and if a rogue wave is likely or not to happen. This capability will increase the safety of ships and offshore structures by improving the quality of the forecast of extreme and dangerous sea states. She also researched on many other subjects related to wind waves such as regional phenomena in enclosed and semi enclosed seas as well as ocean Most of her work has focused on the application of spectral wave models such as WAVEWATCH III, WAM and SWAN, analysis and development with an emphasis on the development of the operational wave forecast in Spain (for SOCIB (Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System) http://www.socib.es/sapo2/d.sapo/sapo.html for the Catalan Met Office (METEOCAT) at http://www.meteo.cat/prediccio/models/wam She supervised two students at UCD Research Projects 2015, School of Mathematical Sciences (June-August 2015) on the subject of Extreme events around Ireland/North Sea and she is supervising one MSc of Science at COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On the last 10 years she was reviewer for the following journals: Journal of Geophysical Research; Continental Shelf Research; Ocean Engineering, Applied Energy,Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science; Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A; Journal of Coastal Research; ICE, Journal - Maritime Engineering.

Informações coletadas do Lattes em 04/11/2022

Acadêmico

Formação acadêmica

Doutorado

2002 - 2008

Universidade Técnica de Lisboa
Título: Sheltering effect of islands in wave model predictions
Orientador: Professor Carlos Guedes Soares
Bolsista do(a): .

Mestrado em Mestrado em Oceanografía Física

1991 - 1995

Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
Título: Sensibilidad de un modelo de oleaje a la variabilidad del viento,Ano de Obtenção: 1995
Orientador: F.J. Ocampo-Torres
Bolsista do(a): Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT, México.

Graduação em Oceanología

1981 - 1986

STATE ENVIRONMENTAL UNIVERSITY
Título: Remolinos frontales de mesoescala en la corriente del Golfo
Orientador: Dr. Victor Guinkul (GOIN)
Bolsista do(a): STATE ENVIRONMENTAL UNIVERSITY, OGMI, Rússia.

Pós-doutorado

2013

Pós-Doutorado. , Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, UTL, Portugal. , Bolsista do(a): The Foundation for Science and Technology, FCT, Portugal. , Grande área: Ciências Exatas e da Terra

2009

Pós-Doutorado. , Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA, Espanha. , Bolsista do(a): Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de Espanha, MEC, Espanha. , Grande área: Ciências Exatas e da Terra

Idiomas

Inglês

Compreende Bem, Fala Bem, Lê Bem, Escreve Razoavelmente.

Espanhol

Compreende Bem, Fala Bem, Lê Bem, Escreve Bem.

Português

Compreende Bem, Fala Bem, Lê Bem, Escreve Bem.

Catalão

Compreende Bem, Fala Pouco, Lê Razoavelmente, Escreve Pouco.

Russo

Compreende Bem, Fala Bem, Lê Bem, Escreve Razoavelmente.

Áreas de atuação

Grande área: Ciências Exatas e da Terra / Área: Oceanografia.

Grande área: Ciências Exatas e da Terra / Área: Oceanografia / Subárea: Oceanografia Física/Especialidade: Interação do Oceano com a Atmosfera.

Grande área: Engenharias / Área: Engenharia Naval e Oceânica / Subárea: Modelagem Numerica de ondulaçao, rogue waves.

Organização de eventos

Ponce de León, S. ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . WAVES. 2000. (Congresso).

Participação em eventos

3rd IAHR Europe Congress. Comparison of extreme storms in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. paper 246. 2014. (Congresso).

WISE. Extreme wave parameters under North Atlantic extratropical cyclones. 2014. (Congresso).

15th IMAM-International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean. Sheltering effect of islands on the Pacific swell. 2013. (Congresso).

Living Planet Symposium (ESA).The Effect of Islands on the Wind Wave Spectrum observed in SAR Images. 2013. (Simpósio).

OMARSAT(X Seminario de Ondas e Marés, Engenharia Oceanica e Oceanografia por satelite).Efeito de ilhas no campo de ondas inferido a partir de SAR. 2013. (Seminário).

SCACR(Conference on Applied Coastal Research). ORAL. 2013. (Congresso).

19th WISE Meeting (Waves in Shallow water Environment Meeting). WISE. 2012. (Congresso).

ESA GLOBWAVE Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal 7-11 November 2012, y. Session 5:.Extreme swell in North Atlantic winter storms based on WAM model and satellite altimetry. 2012. (Simpósio).

EOF-Encuentro de Oceanografía Física Español.AN ASSESSMENT OF REALISTIC WINDS FOR THE BALEARIC ISLANDS WAVE FORECAST. 2011. (Simpósio).

IV Congress on Planning and Management of Coastal Areas of the Portuguese-speaking Countries. Modelagem da agitaçao marítima no arquipelago de Cabo Verde. 2007. (Congresso).

Produções bibliográficas

Ponce de León, S. ; Orfila, A. ; SIMARRO, G. . Wave energy in the Balearic Sea. Evolution from a 29 year spectral wave hindcast. Renewable Energy , v. 85, p. 1192-1200, 2016.
AKPINAR, ADEM ; Ponce de León, S. . An assessment of the wind re-analyses in the modelling of an extreme sea state in the Black Sea. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans , v. 73, p. 61-75, 2016.
PONCE DE LEÓN, SONIA ; GUEDES SOARES, CARLOS . Hindcast of extreme sea states in North Atlantic extratropical storms. Ocean Dynamics (Print) , v. 65, p. 241-254, 2015.
PONCE DE LEÓN, SONIA ; Guedes Soares, C. . Hindcast of the Hércules winter storm in the North Atlantic. Natural Hazards (Dordrecht) , v. 1, p. 1-15, 2015.
Ponce de León, S. ; Guedes Soares, C. . Extreme wave parameters under North Atlantic extratropical cyclones. Ocean Modelling (Oxford. Print) , v. 81, p. 78-88, 2014.
DE LEÓN, S. PONCE ; Orfila, A. . Numerical study of the marine breeze around Mallorca Island. Applied Ocean Research , v. 40, p. 26-34, 2013.
Ponce de León, S. ; Guedes Soares, C. . Distribution of winter wave spectral peaks in the seas around Norway. Ocean Engineering , v. 50, p. 63-71, 2012.
Ponce de León, S. ; Orfila, A. ; Gómez-Pujol, L. ; Renault, L. ; Vizoso, G. ; Tintoré, J. . Assessment of wind models around the Balearic Islands for operational wave forecast. Applied Ocean Research , v. 34, p. 1-9, 2012.
Ponce de León, S. ; Bettencourt, J.H. ; Kjerstad, N. . Simulation of irregular waves in an offshore wind farm with a spectral wave model. Continental Shelf Research , v. 31, p. 1541-1557, 2011.
Ponce de León, S. ; Guedes Soares, C. . The sheltering effect of the Balearic Islands in the hindcast wave field. Ocean Engineering , v. 37, p. 603-610, 2010.
Ponce de León, S. ; Guedes Soares, C. . Sensitivity of wave model predictions to wind fields in the Western Mediterranean sea. Coastal Engineering , v. 55, p. 920-929, 2008.
Ponce de León, S. ; Guedes Soares, C. . On the sheltering effect of islands in ocean wave models. Journal of Geophysical Research , v. 110, p. 1-17, 2005.
Ponce de León, S. ; Ocampo-Torres F.J. . Sensitivity of a wave model to wind variability. Journal of Geophysical Research , v. 103, p. 3179-3201, 1998.
Silva A. ; S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. . Coastal wave modelling in the archipelago of Cape Verde. Silva, A., Ponce de Leon, S., Guedes Soares C.. 1ed.Lisboa, Portugal: Edições Salamandra Lda,, 2006, v. XIV, p. 521-532.
SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. ; ESPINO, M. ; GOMEZ, J. ; JORDA, G. ; S. Ponce de León ; SAIROUNI, A. M. . Wave and current forecasting along the Spanish Catalan coast. In: Third International Conference EuroGOOS, Dahlin, H., Flemming, N. C., Nittis, K., Petersson, S. E. (Eds.) Elsevier. (Org.). Building the European Capacity in Operational Oceanography. 1ed.Amsterdam: ELSEVIER, 2003, v. 69, p. 379-385.
S. Ponce de León ; Orfila, A. ; Tintoré, J. . Characterization of the Mediterranean SWH variability over the last 23th years.. 2012. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. . Extreme swell in North Atlantic winter storms based on WAM model and satellite altimetry. 2012. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
S. Ponce de León ; Orfila, A. ; Renault, L. ; Vizoso, G. ; Tintoré, J. . AN ASSESSMENT OF REALISTIC WINDS FOR THE BALEARIC ISLANDS WAVE FORECAST. 2011. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Conferência ou palestra).
S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. ; Silva A. . Modelagem da agitaçao marítima no arquipelago de Cabo Verde.. 2007. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Comunicação).
S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. . Influence of spatial resolution on the modelled wave sheltering effect of ocean islands. 2005. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Comunicação).
S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. . Reconstituição da agitação marítima nos Açores,. 2005. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Comunicação).
S. Ponce de León ; PILAR, P. ; Guedes Soares, C. . Reconstituição da agitação marítima á entrada do porto de Lisboa.. 2004. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. . About the accuracy of wave models in coastal region.. 2004. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. ; ESPINO, M. ; JORDA, G. ; S. Ponce de León ; GOMEZ, J. . Wave and current forecasting along the Spanish Catalan coast,. 2003. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
S. Ponce de León ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. ; GOMEZ, J. ; SAIROUNI, A. M. . 2002. Ponce de León S., Sánchez-Arcilla A., Gomez J., Sairouni A. Wave predictions near the coast: Uncertainties and implications.. 2002. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
S. Ponce de León ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . Crecimiento del Oleaje en condiciones de fetch limitado e ilimitado en el Mediterráneo Occidental. 2001. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
S. Ponce de León ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. ; GOMEZ, J. . Wind wave generation and prediction along the Catalan (Spanish Mediterranean) coast. 2000. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
Ponce de León, S. ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . The wave growth under limited and unlimited fetch conditions on the western Mediterranean Sea. 2000. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Outra).
Ponce de León, S. ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . Sensitivity of a wave model to wind input in the Catalan Coast. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. 1999. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
S. Ponce de León . Regimen de ondas no Atlantico Sul. 1997. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Seminário).
S. Ponce de León ; Ocampo-Torres F.J. . Sensitivity of a wave model to wind variability. 1995. (Apresentação de Trabalho/Congresso).
Ponce de León, S. ; BETTENCOURT, J. ; DIAS, F. ; BRENNAN, J. . Evolution of the extreme wave region in the North Atlantic suing a 23 year hindcast. New York: ASME, 2015 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).
DIAS, F. ; BRENNAN, J. ; S. Ponce de León ; CLANCY, C. ; DUDLEY, J. . Local analysis of wave fields produced from hindcasted rogue wave sea states.. New York: ASME, 2015 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).
S. Ponce de León ; BETTENCOURT, J. ; DIAS, F. . Simulation of extreme sea states in the North Sea with a third generation wave model: accuracy and limitations.. New York: WMO/IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, 2015 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).
HUMENIUK, J. ; S. Ponce de León ; VIOLHANTE-CARVALHO, N. ; CARVALHO, L. M. ; SOARES, C. G. . Sheltering effect of islands on the Pacific swell. London: CRC Press/Balkema, Taylor & Francis Group VOLUME2 pages 973-979, 2014 (Proceedings Congress 15th IMAM-International Congress of the International Maritime Association of t).
Ponce de León, S. ; GUEDES SOARES, CARLOS . Extreme wave parameters under North Atlantic extratropical cy- clones. Reading, UK: ECMWF, 2014 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).
S. Ponce de León ; GOMEZ, J. ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. ; GUEDES SOARES, CARLOS . Comparison of extreme storms in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. Porto: IAHR Europe Committee, 2014 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).
RUSU, L. ; Sonia Ponce de León ; SOARES, C. G. . Numerical modelling of the North Atlantic storms affecting the West Iberian coast.. London: Guedes Soares & Santos (Eds). © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, 2014 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).
HUMENIUK, J. ; S. Ponce de León ; VIOLHANTE-CARVALHO, N. ; Guedes Soares, C. . nfluence of islands in the wave field inferred from SAR imagery, wave buoys and WAM model. Lisbon: IAHR Europe Committee, 2013 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).
RUSU, L. ; S. Ponce de León . Performances of the Third Generation Spectral Wave Models in the Black Sea. Galati: University of Galati, 2007 (Publication in the Jornal Annals of ?Dunărea de Jos? University of Galati).
S. Ponce de León ; PILAR, P. ; SOARES, C. G. . On the accuracy of wave models in a coastal zone. SINGAPORE: Smith, JM, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2005 (Proceedings Congress: COASTAL ENGINEERING 2004).
S. Ponce de León ; SOARES, C. G. . Influence of spatial resolution on the modelled wave sheltering effect of ocean islands.. Madrid: CEDEX-Puertos del Estado, 2005 (Proceedings: Fifth International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 200).
S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. . Reconstituição da agitação marítima nos Açores. Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, 2005 (Proceedings das 4as Jornadas de Engenharia Costeira e Portuária de Portugal).
S. Ponce de León ; PILAR, P. ; Guedes Soares, C. . Reconstituição da agitação marítima á entrada do porto de Lisboa. LISBOA: LNEC, 2004 (Proceedings, Congresso de Métodos Computacionais em Engenharia).
S. Ponce de León ; Guedes Soares, C. . About the accuracy of wave models in coastal region. New York City: COASTAL ENGINEERING, Jane Smith, 2004 (Proceedings 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ICCE)).
SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. ; ESPINO, M. ; SANCHEZ, R. B. ; GOMEZ, J. ; JORDA, G. ; S. Ponce de León ; SAIROUNI, A. M. . Wave and Current forecasting along the Spanish Catalan Coast. Rome, Italy: N.C. Fiemming, S. Vallerga, N. Pinardi, H.W.A. Behrens, G. Manzella, D. Prandle and J.H. Stei, 2003 (Proceedings, Third International Conference EuroGOOS).
S. Ponce de León ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . Crecimiento del Oleaje en condiciones de fetch limitado e ilimitado en el Mediterráneo Occidental. Palma de Mallorca, SPAIN: UIB, IMEDEA, CSIC, 2001 (Proceedings, VI Jornadas de Ingeniería de Costas y Puertos de España).
SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. ; GOMEZ, J. ; S. Ponce de León ; SAIROUNI, A. M. ; PLA, M. M. . Clima Marítimo en la costa Catalana. Implicaciones para la predicción del oleaje. Palma de Mallorca, SPAIN: UIB, IMEDEA, CSIC, 2001 (Proceedings, VI Jornadas de Ingeniería de Costas y Puertos de España).
S. Ponce de León ; GOMEZ, J. ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . Wind wave generation and prediction along the Catalan (Spanish Mediterranean) coast. New York City: American Society of Civil Engineers, Billy L. Edge, 2000 (Proceedings ICCE2000, 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering).
S. Ponce de León ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . Sensitivity of a wave model to wind input in the Catalan Coast.. Antalya, Turquia: Abdalla and Ozhan (Editors), 1999 (. Proceedings. International Conference on the wind and wave climate of the Mediterranean and Black).

Outras produções

S. Ponce de León . Operational Wave forecats for the Balearic Islads, SPAIN. 2012. (Operational Wave forecats for the Balearic Islands).

S. Ponce de León ; CARCI, E. ; RIVERO, F. . Sistema de Previsao de Ondas Copa América 2007, Valencia, Espanha. 2007. (Sistema de Previsao de Ondas para a Copa América de Valencia, Espanha).

S. Ponce de León ; SANCHEZ-ARCILLA, A. . Sistema de Previsao de Ondas de METEOCAT. 2001. (Sistema de Previsao de Ondas para o Servicio Meteorologico de Cataluña).

Histórico profissional

Endereço profissional

Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico. , Pav. Central, Av. Rovisco Pais Portugal, LISBOA, 1049001 - LISBOA, - Portugal, Telefone: (351) 218419347, Ramal: 3347, URL da Homepage:

Experiência profissional

2013 - Atual

Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering

Vínculo: Bolsista, Enquadramento Funcional: Postdoctoral Research, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

Atividades

01/2013
Pesquisa e desenvolvimento , IST, .,Linhas de pesquisa

2009 - 2012

Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies

Vínculo: Colaborador, Enquadramento Funcional: Postdoctoral Research, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

Outras informações:
During my PostDoctoral research position at IMEDEA i was dedicated to study the marine breezes influence on the wave field using the altimetry data and spectral wave models. My research activities also included the characterization of the wave climate in the Mediterranean using a 30-year wave hindcast database compute by myself using the WAM spectral wave model and ECMWF analysis wind forcing. In the operational part I implemented and validated a wave forecast system for the Balearic Islands based on 3rd generation spectral wave models WAM4.52 and SWAN 40.81 for SOCIB-IMEDEA. The operational system was forced with the HIRLAM atmospheric model outputs from the Spanish meteorological agency and comprised three nesting levels with the coarser level covering the whole Mediterranean sea, the middle level covering the whole Balearic archipelago region and the last level (higher resolution) being composed of three grids covering different areas of the Balearic archipelago. The systems was successfully validated (periodically) with available wave buoys from different sources.

2008 - 2009

Aalesund University College

Vínculo: Professor Asociado Oceanografi, Enquadramento Funcional: Professor Asociado Oceanografi, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

Outras informações:
I was teaching on the Ocean Climate course at HIALS-Aalesund University, Norway, as a part of the Marine Hydrodynamics program. course: 2008-2009 In addition, I performed some numerical study of irregular waves in the Norwegian continental shelf wind farm (HAVSUL-II) which was conducted using 3rd generation spectral wave models.

2006 - 2007

TECNOCEAN Eng.

Vínculo: Colaborador, Enquadramento Funcional: Pesquisador, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

2012 - Atual

Universidade Técnica de Lisboa

Vínculo: Bolsista, Enquadramento Funcional: Postdoctoral Research, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

Outras informações:
Postdoctoral Research research on extreme sea states in accordance to the work plan of my FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology post-doctoral grant "Hindcasting and forecasting of abnormal rogue waves".

2002 - 2008

Instituto Superior Tecnico

Vínculo: bolseiro doutorando, Enquadramento Funcional: bolseiro, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

1998 - 2002

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - Barcelona Tech

Vínculo: Professor vistante, Enquadramento Funcional: Professor e pesquisador, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

Outras informações:
During my contract in LIM-CIIRC-UPC I have studied the growth of wave under fetch limited conditions along the catalan coasts. In addition, I was dedicated to operational oceanography. I have implementated and validated the operational wave forecast for the Catalan Met Office METEOCAT. Institutions: Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona (UPC) y Centro Internacional de Investigación de Recursos Costeros (CIIRC). Laboratorio de Ingeniería Marina (LIM), Barcelona and METEOCAT, http://www.meteo.cat/servmet/modelitzacio/wamg2.htm I was teaching in addition on the Masters of Engineering Ports Course on Wind Wave Theory and Wave Predictions. LIM-Laboratory of Maritime Engineering, UPC-Technical University of Catalonia, Spain.

1996 - 1998

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

Vínculo: Professor vistante, Enquadramento Funcional: Professor e pesquisador, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

1991 - 1996

Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada

Vínculo: bolseiro de mestrado, Enquadramento Funcional: bolseiro, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.

1986 - 1991

Instituto de Oceanologia

Vínculo: pesquisador, Enquadramento Funcional: Pesquisador, Carga horária: 40, Regime: Dedicação exclusiva.